Conditional Sentence (=Kalimat pengandaian) is a phrase used to express something that might happen or might not happen as expected. Sentence modality consists of two parts, namely man clause (induk kalimat) dan if clause (anak kalimat). in if clause contained requirements that must be met in order for the state as contained in the main clause can be realized. Therefore, the onditional sentences also called a conditional sentence. Conditional Sentences or sentence modality consists of two types of real conditional (nyata) and unreal/ contrary to fact (tidak nyata).
Conditional sentences generally have the following characteristics:
a. use words if the clause (subordinate clause).Since the clause is preceded by if it is
called if clause.
b.the use of capital auxiliary : will, can, may, must, would, could, might, etc. on the
subject of the sentence (main clause).
There are several types of Conditional Sentence, namely:
- Type I: Future Conditional
- Type II: Present Conditional
- Type III: Past Conditional
1. Type I: Future Conditional
Kalimat ini mengungkapkan kejadian yang diharapkan akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang dan memiliki kemungkinan untuk terjadi. (probable condition)
sentence Patterns :
If + S + Verb (present), S + future tense
atau
subjek + future tense, if + subjek + future tense
example :
- If she comes, I will give her the message.
- If you study hard, you will pass the final exam.
- If she wins the competition, they will give her a gold medal.
- He will not go to the picnic, if it rains.
- If we arrive late, she will be angry with us.
2. Type II: Present Conditional
Kalimat ini menyatakan peristiwa yang diharapkan terjadi sekarang tetapi tidak terjadi. (Improbable condition)
sentence Patterns :
If + S + Verb 2 / were + S + would + Verb1
If + S + V2, Subject + Past Future
example :
- If she visited me, I would give her money.
- If I had enough time, I would go fishing.
- If you were a sugar, I would be a ant.
- If Natasha Rizky were my girlfriend, I would be the happiest boy in the world.
- If he smokes less, he wouldn’t cough so much.
note :
Pada tipe ini, to be untuk semua subyek pada IF clause adalah WERE.
3. Type III : Past Conditional
Kalimat ini menyatakan peristiwa yang diharapkan terjadi di waktu lampau, tetapi tidak terjadi. (impossible condition)
sentence Patterns :
If + S + Past Perfect +, S + Past perfect future + Verb 3
Subject + Past perfect future, if + Subjek + Past Perfect + V3
example :
- If he had studied hard, he would have passed the final exam.
- If the team had played well, it would have won the competition.
- If Alter Bridge had been here, I would have been very happy.
- If you had come to my house, you would have met me.
- If I had known her number, i would have called her