UNIT 3 HOW DO YOU DESCRIBE THEM ALL

A. DESCRIBING PEOPLE

Exercises:

1. Use the lists below to describe their appearance or how they look.
2. Pairs work: one student can write down a description from a picture and the other student must guess who it is.
3. Describe yourself, another student, your Teacher.

Height	Build	Age
tall, tallish, short, shortish, medium height	frail, stocky, slim, thin, plump, fat, skinny, well-built	young, elderly, middle-aged, teenager, in 20s, 30s, 40s

Face	Eyes	Hair	Clothes
round, oval, square, with scares, wrinkles, freckles, sun-tanned, pale	big round blue eyes, large, small, bright, narrow	bald, straight, curly, spiky, wavy	casual, scruffy, shabby, smart, tidy, messy

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Describing Character - What's he like? Is she nice?

Exercises:

1. Use the words below to describe what your friends, family and teachers are like.
2. In pairs: one student writes down a description and the other student must guess who it is.

careful, hard-working, worried, cheerful, broadminded, active, curious, secretive

aggressive, tough, careless, practical, sensible, independent, strong-minded, stupid

dull, boring, imaginative, ambitious, crafty, sensitive, gentle, naive

generous, loyal, self-controlled, moody, trusting, modest, tolerant, friendly

energetic, confident, selfish, shy, stubborn, reliable, clumsy, intelligent

B. NATIONALITY

	Who is this?	What is her name?	Where does she come from?	Where does she live?	What nationality is she?
	It's Ingrid.	Her name is Ingrid Bergman	She comes from Sweden	She's dead.	She's Swedish
	Who is this?	What is his name?	Where does he come from?	Where does he live?	What nationality is he?
	It's Napoleon.	His name is Napolean Bonaparte.	He comes from France.	He's dead.	He's French.
	Who are they?	What are their names?	Where do they come from?	Where do they live?	What nationality are they?
	They're 'The Beatles'.	Their names are John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr and George Harrison.	They come from England.	John Lennon and George Harrison are dead. Paul lives in England and Ringo lives in Monte Carlo.	They're British.

UNIT 2 TELL ME THE DETAILS

A. TELLING THE TIME AND DATE

Telling Time

Important verbs for asking about and telling time:

have, know, be, tell

 

Questions:	Answers:
Do you have the time?	Sure, it's 6:00.
Do you know what time it is?	Sorry, I'm not wearing a watch.
What time is it?	5:50
Can you tell me what time it is, please?	It's a quarter after two.

Important vocabulary

• o'clock = :00 ( 7:00 = seven o'clock )
• a quarter after = 15 minutes after the hour ( 3:15 = It's a quarter after three.)
• a quarter past = 15 minutes after the hour (3:15 = It's a quarter past three.)
• a quarter before = 15 minutes before the hour( 3:45 = It's a quarter before four )
• a quarter to = 15 minutes before the hour (3:45 = It's a quarter to four.)
• half past = 30 minutes after the hour ( 11:30 = It's half pasteleven)
• thirty = 30 minutes after the hour. (11:30 = It's eleven thirty.)

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The easiest way to tell someone the time is to use a digital format. For example, when someone asks you what time it is, you can say, "It's 5:30." Instead of, "It's half past five." "It's 5:13." = (five thirteen) or "It's 5:02." (five o two)* or "It's 5:50." (five fifty) *Note: 0 is pronounced "O" not "zero."

Giving the Date

Question:	Answers:
What's today? or What day is it today?	Today's Tuesday, June 6. (June sixth)
What's the date?	It's June 6. or It's the 6th of June.

 There's a difference between "day" and "date"

• day: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, etc.
• date: June 6

 When someone asks you the date, it's not necessary to give the year. For example:

• What's the date? ----> It's June 6.  (Not It's June 6, 2005)

Make sure you use ordinal numbers when you say the date. You can listen to the way I say the date every day on my blog. When someone asks about time in the future or the past, use the year.

• When were you born? ----> March 25, 1965
  When did you arrive in the U.S.? ----> In 2002.
• When is the next election? ----> In November of 2010
  
  
  B. PLURALS FORM IRREGULAR PLURALS
  
  
  
  
  US -> I

  SINGULAR	PLURAL
  alumnus	alumni
  cactus	cacti
  focus	foci/focuses
  fungus	fungi/funguses
  nucleus	nuclei
  radius	radii
  stimulus	stimuli

  IS -> ES

  SINGULAR	PLURAL
  axis	axes
  analysis	analyses
  basis	bases
  crisis	crises
  diagnosis	diagnoses
  ellipsis	ellipses
  hypothesis	hypotheses
  oasis	oases
  paralysis	paralyses
  parenthesis	parentheses
  synthesis	syntheses
  synopsis	synopses
  thesis	theses

  IX -> ICES

  SINGULAR	PLURAL
  appendix	appendices
  index	indeces/indexes
  matrix	matrices/matrixes

  EAU -> EAUX

  SINGULAR	PLURAL
  beau	beaux
  bureau	bureaus/bureaux
  tableau	tableaux/tableaus

  *** -> EN

  SINGULAR	PLURAL
  child	children
  man	men
  ox	oxen
  woman	women

  *** -> A

  SINGULAR	PLURAL
  bacterium	bacteria
  corpus	corpora
  criterion	criteria
  curriculum	curricula
  datum	data
  genus	genera
  medium	media
  memorandum	memoranda
  phenomenon	phenomena
  stratum	strata

  NO CHANGE

  SINGULAR	PLURAL
  deer	deer
  fish	fish
  means	means
  offspring	offspring
  series	series
  sheep	sheep
  species	species

  OO -> EE

  SINGULAR	PLURAL
  foot	feet
  goose	geese
  tooth	teeth

  A -> AE

  SINGULAR	PLURAL
  antenna	antennae/antennas
  formula	formulae/formulas
  nebula	nebulae
  vertebra	vertebrae
  vita	vitae

  OUSE -> ICE

  SINGULAR	PLURAL
  louse	lice
  mouse	mice

UNTI 1 GREETING AND LEAVE TAKING

A. GREETING

• Cara menyapa (Expressions of greeting)
• Menanyakan kabar (asking how someone is)
• Cara mengucapkan selamat berpisah (Expressions of parting / leave taking)

Greeting	Response	Arti
How do you do?	How do you do?	Tidak punya arti. Diucapkan ketika pertama kali bertemu.
Good morning. Good afternoon. Good evening. Good day.	Good morning. Good afternoon. Good evening.	Good day (selamat siang) hanya dipakai di Australia.	Menyapa
Hello. Hi! Nice to see you. Good to meet you. Pleased to meet you. How nice to meet you.	Hello. Hi! Nice/good/pleased to meet you too. Yes, it's been so nice.	Senang berkenalan denganmu. Nice/good/pleased=senang/bahagia	Menyapa
How are you? How are you doing? How have you been? How is it going on?	I’m fine thank you. Not bad. I am very well. I’m alright/good. It’s ok.	Bagaimana kabar kamu?	Menanyakan Kabar
Good bye. Bye. See you. See you later. Cheerio.	Good bye. Bye. See you. See you later. Cheerio.	Selamat tinggal	Mengucapkan Selamat Tinggal

Examples in conversation:

Dialogue 1
Ranti meets her teacher, Mr Bakri at the post office.
Ranti         :    Good afternoon, Sir.
Mr Bakri  :    Good afternoon. You are ....
Ranti         :    Ranti, Sir. My name is Ranti. How are you?
Mr Bakri  :    I am fine, thank you. And how about you?
Ranti         :    I am fine, too.
Mr Bakri  :   Well, Ranti. I have to go now. Pleased to meet you.
Ranti         :    Pleased to meet you, too, Sir.

Dialogue 2
Dewi : Hello, I’m Dewi. What’s your name?
Dani : Hello, Dewi. I’m Dani Perdana. Please call me Dani.
Dewi : Where do you live, Dani?
Dani : I live at Jl. Achmad Yani 27.
Dewi : Oh, do you?
Dani : Yes, I do.
Dewi : So, we are neighbours.
Dani : Are we?
Dewi : Yeah. I live at 8.


Dialogue 3
Cipto waiting for Andi and Yani, his new colleague at the airport. 
Andi : Excuse me. Are you Henri?
Cipto : Yes. I'm Cipto Susanto.
Andi : How do you do, Cipto? I'm Andi from University of Jakarta.
Cipto : How do you do, Cipto. Nice to see you.
Andi : Nice to meet you, too. Did you have a good journey?
Cipto : Yes. It was fine, thanks.
Andi : Let me help you to bring your suitcase.
Cipto : That's very kind of you.
Andi : Not at all. Let me introduce you to my friend Yani this is Cipto. Cipto this is Yani.
Yani : Hello, Cipto. Nice to meet you.
Cipto : Pleased to meet you, too. How's the trip?
Yani : Well, It's nice and exciting.
Cipto : Great, then. You must be tired. I'll take you to the Hotel first.
Andi : OK. Thanks, Cipto.

Dialogue 4
Andi : Good morning. My name is Andi.
Denias : Good morning Andi. I’m Denias.
Andi : Denias, this is Adib. We were classmates the Junior High School.
Denias : Hi, Adib. How do you do?
Adib : How do you do.
Andi : By the way, did you join pencak silat extracurricular activity in the Junior High School?
Denias : Yes, I did.
Andi : Oh, that’s great. Adib and I have never joined it before.
Adib : We hope you can help us.
Denias : Sure.
Andi : Okay, see you this afternoon.
Adib : See you Denias.
Denias : See you.

B. LEAVE TAKING

   

Leave Takings	Responses
·         Sorry, I have to go now ·         I’ll talk to you later ·         It’s been nice talking to you. ·         Good bye ·         See you	·         Yes, of course. See you ·         Okay. ·         Okay, take care. ·         Bye ·         See you too.

C. INTRODUCING

a) Introducing oneself:

·         I am……. (Mr. / Miss. / Mrs + family name)

·         Let me introduce myself to you.

·         Allow me to introduce myself to you.

b) Introducing people:

·         May I introduce you to ….?

·         Let me introduce you to …?

·         I’d like you to meet ….

·         I don’t think you have met …, do you?

·         You haven’t met …, have you?

·         Have you met …?

·         Do you know …?

·         This is ….

c) Responding to introductions:

·         (It’s) nice to meet you.

·         Nice meeting you.

·         (I’m) pleased to meet you.

·         Happy to meet you.

·         Glad to know you.

·         How do you do?

·         It’s an honour to know you.

·         It’s my pleasure to have acquaintance with you.

D. PERSONAL PROUNOUN

Personal pronouns represent specific people or things. We use them depending on:

• number: singular (eg: I) or plural (eg: we)
• person: 1st person (eg: I), 2nd person (eg: you) or 3rd person (eg: he)
• gender: male (eg: he), female (eg: she) or neuter (eg: it)
• case: subject (eg: we) or object (eg: us)

We use personal pronouns in place of the person or people that we are talking about. My name is Josef but when I am talking about myself I almost always use "I" or "me", not "Josef". When I am talking direct to you, I almost always use "you", not your name. When I am talking about another person, say John, I may start with "John" but then use "he" or "him". And so on.

Here are the personal pronouns, followed by some example sentences:

number	person	gender	personal pronouns
			subject	object
singular	1st	male/female	I	me
	2nd	male/female	you	you
	3rd	male	he	him
		female	she	her
		neuter	it	it
plural	1st	male/female	we	us
	2nd	male/female	you	you
	3rd	male/female/neuter	they	them

Examples (in each case, the first example shows a subject pronoun, the second an object pronoun):

• I like coffee.
• John helped me.
• Do you like coffee?
• John loves you.
• He runs fast.
• Did Ram beat him?
• She is clever.
• Does Mary know her?
• It doesn't work.
• Can the engineer repair it?
• We went home.
• Anthony drove us.
• Do you need a table for three?
• Did John and Mary beat you at doubles?
• They played doubles.
• John and Mary beat them.

When we are talking about a single thing, we almost always use it. However, there are a few exceptions. We may sometimes refer to an animal as he/him or she/her, especially if the animal is domesticated or a pet. Ships (and some other vessels or vehicles) as well as some countries are often treated as female and referred to as she/her. Here are some examples:

• This is our dog Rusty. He's an Alsatian.
• The Titanic was a great ship but she sank on her first voyage.
• My first car was a Mini and I treated her like my wife.
• Thailand has now opened her border with Cambodia.

For a single person, sometimes we don't know whether to use he or she. There are several solutions to this:

• If a teacher needs help, he or she should see the principal.
• If a teacher needs help, he should see the principal.
• If a teacher needs help, they should see the principal.

We often use it to introduce a remark:

• It is nice to have a holiday sometimes.
• It is important to dress well.
• It's difficult to find a job.
• Is it normal to see them together?
• It didn't take long to walk here.

We also often use it to talk about the weather, temperature, time and distance:

·                     It's raining.

·                     It will probably be hot tomorrow.

·                     Is it nine o'clock yet?

·                     It's 50 kilometres from here to Cambridge.